ELEC-E7131 Assignment 9. 5G network measurements

Markus Peuhkuri

Frank Eras

2025-02-13

Prerequisites

  1. At this point, students would be familiar with fundamental knowledge of cellular networks, including the evolution of mobile technologies, and the basic principles of how these networks operate.

  2. Students should have a basic understanding of RF communication principles, including spectrum usage, signal propagation or modulation techniques.

  3. Students should have the ability to analyze data, using software tools for processing the information and draw meaningful conclusions.

  4. Programming skills previously used, especially languages for data processing and analysis (e.g., Python, or R).

Learning outcomes

At the end of this assignment, students should be able to

  1. Understand the basic characteristics of 5G mobile networks.
  2. Identify, measure, and analyze 5G KPIs such as throughput, latency, and signal strength.
  3. Apply programming skills and tools for analyze measurement data and visualize the results of it.
  4. Analyse the stability and variations of a 5G network.

Introduction

During the course, students have learned everything related to network traffic measurements including tools and different parameters, data analysis and visualization using different techniques, as well as distribution and sampling applications. In addition, it would be beneficial to understand some basic concepts of the new generation of mobile technology, 5G networks, including the parameters that we need to consider in order to test the performance of a 5G network.

Thereby, this assignment consists of the following tasks:

Task 1: 5G networks

You must answer the following points appropriately:

  1. Explain the concept of 5G network and compare it with previous generations of mobile networks (e.g., 3G, 4G LTE)?
  2. What spectrum bands are used for 5G, and how do they impact network performance and coverage?
  3. Explain some main uses cases and applications for 5G.
  4. What tools and techniques are commonly used to measure the coverage and signal strength of 5G networks?
  5. What factors can affect throughput and latency in a 5G network?

Task 2: Measuring 5G network at fixed locations

To collect data from the Aalto 5G network, the setup and initial configuration of the equipment must be carried out. Around the Aalto campus there are several 5G radio bases that are providing service to private users for specific tasks. Since it is a private network, requirements are needed to access it.

In this case, it is necessary to have a cell phone that supports 5G on the right bands and a SIM card with 5G data to be able to carry out the different tests. Since not all students have the above, the DICE department will provide cell phones and SIM to access the Aalto 5G network. However, the available devices are limited, so data collection tasks must be carried out in groups and at specific times that will be reserved in MyCourses.

Setup and Initial Configuration

Once you get your device and SIM you need to follow this steps:

  1. Insert the SIM card into the smartphone.

  2. Ensure that the smartphone is configured to use only 5G networks. You can review in the phone, for example: Settings> Network and Internet > Internet > Aalto 5G setings > Preferred network type > “5G only”.

  3. Mobile Data option must be ON.

  4. Ensure that the Wi-fi is off and that you have access to Internet browsing through mobile data (5G network).

  5. Ensure that the phone has the app “Speedtest by Ookla” installed, or you can find it in the Play Store.

NOTES:

Data Collection

You need to select 2 locations with 5G coverage to take the measurements. Here is a list of some places where you can find 5G signal. Again, select one location based on the last digit of your student ID and the second one you are free to choise.

digit location
0 Outside Väre building
1 Undergraduate 2th floor
2 CS building lobby
3 CS building parking
4 Undergraduate center lobby
5 Design Factory Cafeteria
6 Factory of the Future
7 Design Factory lobby
8 Otakari 4
9 Business building

There are many other places with 5G coverage in addition to those mentioned, so we encourage measures to be taken at various points on campus. Please include areas with different levels of signal strength.

In order to get the measurements with the phone we recommend to use the app “Speedtest by Ookla” or browser app/software that you find suitable for this task. Include in your report why do you think the recommended app is choosen or if you use other apps to get the measurements, justify this choice.

Additionally, “Speedtest by Ookla” app has the option to select the “test server”. Every 10 samples taken, the server must be changed to one that is at an increasingly greater distance. For example, the test can begin with a server that is 10km away, after the first 10 samples, the server must be changed to one that is 50 km away, after 10 more samples the server is changed to one that is 100 km away, and so on.

For each location perform the following measurements:

Once you get all the data, you will have to build a .csv file with it. Consider to take a couple of screenshots of the measurements in the phone to include them in the report.

TIPS:

Data Analysis

Once with data collected, answer the following points, for each location you have selected.

  1. Provide a general statistical analysis including basic statistics such as mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum for each performance metric.

  2. Plot the Downlink throughput and Uplink throughput over time.

  3. Plot the latency over time.

  4. Generate scatter plots to explore the relationships between metrics, at least you should include:

    Other scatter plots relationships are appretiated.

  5. Can you identify any anomalies or patterns in the measurements? Why do you think this happens?

  6. Do you have the same throughput and latencies for both locations? Justify why they are different or similar.

  7. Did changing test servers have any impact on the measurements?

  8. Provide conclusions of the 5G network performance based on the analysis and data retrieved.

Report, task 2

Describe your measurement setup (location, time, etc).

Provide answers for the questions above.

Conclusions on 5G network measurements at fixed locations.

Task 3: Measuring 5G network in motion

This task will allow us to observe the behavior of a 5G network when we are on the move. The setup and initial configuration of the equipment used was the same as in task 2.

Data Collection

The data was collected measuring the network performance between 2 points with a walk-test. The results of this activity can be found in the 5G_task3.csv file in the /work/courses/unix/T/ELEC/E7130/general/5g-data directory (pointed with 5GDATA environment variable after sourcing the use.sh script).

The parameters that were measured were:

NOTES:

Data Analysis

Once you get access to the data, answer the following points:

  1. Plot the Downlink throughput and Uplink throughput over distance.

  2. Plot the latency over time and distance.

  3. Generate scatter plots to explore the relationships between:

  4. Summarize key findings regarding signal stability, throughput consistency, and latency variations observed during the measurements.

  5. Discuss and speculate about the possible position of the 5G antenna and how it impacts the measurements collected.

Report, task 3

Provide answers for the questions above.

Conclusions on 5G network measurements while moving.

Grading standard

To pass this course, you need to achieve at least 15 points in this assignment. And if you submit the assignment late, you can get a maximum of 15 points.

You can get up to 30 points for this assignment:

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

The quality of the report (bonus 2p)

The instruction of assignment

For the assignment, your submission must contain (Please don’t contain original data in your submission):

Regarding the report, your report must have: